Overview of Jacking oil system:

Purpose:

The jacking oil system performs the following purposes:

•  Prevents metal to metal contact in the journal bearings by producing a hydrostatic oil film when the rotational shaft speed is too low to create a continuous hydrodynamic oil film.
•  Reduces the break away torque during run-up of the steam turbine rotor.

Function:

 This is reached by the following functions:

• Generates jacking oil pressure and flow.
• Guides and distributes jacking oil to the steam turbine journal bearings. 
• Drains the jacking oil into the bearing pedestal

Components:

 The following components are needed as a minimum:

• Jacking oil pump

• Pressure limiting valve

• Flow control valves

• Forwarding and distribution piping

• Lube oil tank

Principle:

1.The jacking oil system protects the turbines journal bearings during start-up and shut-down. The shaft of the steam turbine rests on the journal bearings.

2.Before the shaft is turned, jacking oil is supplied to the bearings to lift the shaft so that it floats on an oil film rather than on the metal surface of the bearings.

3.The jacking oil pump supplies the jacking oil system. This pump is an axial piston type, which is located on the lube oil tank. The Lube oil system feeds the jacking oil pump from downstream of the lube oil filter. A common AC motor drives both the jacking oil and turning gear pump

 

4.A pressure limiting valve maintains the pressure in the jacking oil system in accordance with the operating data. The oil passes through a flow control valve before entering each bearing. It drains into the bearing pedestal and flows back to the lube oil tank through the drain pipe lines, together with lube oil returning from the lube oil system.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Hydrostatic Turning Gear :

Purpose:

 The turning gear system performs the following functions:

• Continuously turns the rotor at low speed before start up and after shut-down.
• Ventilation, caused by the blades, prevents bending due to temperature differences between top and bottom, caused by natural convection after stand still of the hot turbine. 
• Avoids the rubbing of blading and seal strips due to rotor bending during restart.

Function:

This is reached by the following functions:

•  Pressure generation (motor / hand)
• Pressure control
• Engaging / disengaging of turning gear
• Turning of rotor
• Hydraulic control

Components:

 Therefore the following components are needed as a minimum:

• Turning gear pump
• Hydro motor with drive pinion
• Sliding piston
• Control solenoid valves (creep speed, rotary, engaging) 
•  Pressure control and reducing valves
• Hand pump

Bermuda Triangle Mystery

Computer studies of ocean floors around the world, particularly the area known as The Bermuda Triangle, reveal evidence of massive methane explosions in the past. For years, believers in the paranormal, aliens, and other outlandish theories pointed to the the disappearance of ships and aircraft as an indicator of mysterious forces at work in the “Devil’s triangle.” Scientists have finally pointed the rest of us to a more plausible cause.

The presence of methane hydrates indicates enormous eruptions of methane bubbles that would swamp a ship, and projected high into the air- take out flying airplanes, as well.

Any ships caught within the methane mega-bubble immediately lose all buoyancy and sink to the bottom of the ocean. If the bubbles are big enough and possess a high enough density they can also knock aircraft out of the sky with little or no warning. Aircraft falling victim to these methane bubbles will lose their engines-perhaps igniting the methane surrounding them-and immediately lose their lift as well, ending their flights by diving into the ocean and swiftly plummeting.

Bluetooth

When you use computers, entertainment systems or telephones, the various pieces and parts of the systems make up a community of electronic devices. These devices communicate with each other using a variety of wires, cables, radio signals and infrared light beams, and an even greater variety of connectors, plugs and protocols.

There are lots of different ways that electronic devices can connect to one another. For example:

• Component cables
• Electrical wires
• Ethernet cables
• ­WiFi
• Infrared signals

The art of connecting things is becoming more and more complex every day. In this article, we will look at a method of connecting devices, called Bluetooth, that can streamline the process. A Bluetooth connection is wireless and automatic, and it has a number of interesting features that can simplify our daily lives.

Supersonic Speed

A sonic boom is the sound associated with the shock waves created by an object traveling through the air faster than the speed of sound. Sonic booms generate enormous amounts of sound energy, sounding much like an explosion. The crack of a supersonic bullet passing overhead is an example of a sonic boom in miniature.                                                                      


The sound source has now broken through the sound speed barrier, and is traveling at 1.4 times the speed of sound, c (Mach 1.4). Since the source is moving faster than the sound waves it creates, it actually leads the advancing wavefront. The sound source will pass by a stationary observer before the observer actually hears the sound it creates. As a result, an observer in front of the source will detect and an observer behind the source .


Here is the video for better  understanding:-

NanoTechnology

Imagine a world where microscopic medical implants patrol our arteries, diagnosing ailments and fighting disease; where military battle-suits deflect explosions; where computer chips are no bigger than specks of dust; and where clouds of miniature space probes transmit data from the atmospheres of Mars or Titan.

Many incredible claims have been made about the future's nanotechnological applications, but what exactly does nano mean, and why has controversy plagued this emerging technology?

Nanotechnology is science and engineering at the scale of atoms and molecules. It is the manipulation and use of materials and devices so tiny that nothing can be built any smaller.

San Francisco's huge new quake-proof bridge

The new bridge across San Francisco bay, the largest of its kind ever built, must be able to sway to withstand a big earthquake – and one is expected soon

AS I drive out onto San Francisco bay's new bridge, an empty five-lane freeway curves towards me. In the distance I catch sight of the structure's architectural signature: a single suspension tower, 160 metres high. When finished, cables will arc down from the tower's perch and hold the roadway aloft. At almost 400 metres long it will be the largest self-anchored suspension bridge ever built - a beautiful structure worthy of comparison to the nearby Golden Gate Bridge.

Mirror Physics

In order to understand mirrors, we first must understand light. The law of reflection says that when a ray of light hits a surface, it bounces in a certain way, like a tennis ball thrown against a wall. The incoming angle, called the angle of incidence, is always equal to the angle leaving the surface, or the angle of reflection. When light hits a surface at a low angle -- like on a lake at sunset -- it bounces off at the same low angle and hits your eyes full blast, rather than obliquely as when the sun sits overhead. This is why the sun's glare during the evening and morning is so much more intense than during the rest of the day.

Light itself is invisible until it bounces off something and hits our eyes. For instance, a beam of light traveling through space can't be seen from the side until it runs into something that scatters it, like a cloud of hydrogen or a satellite. This scattering is known as diffuse reflection and this is how our eyes interpret what happens when light hits an uneven surface. The law of

The Journey Of Curiosity- NASA's New Mars Rover

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Planetary scientists sometimes joke that we know more about Mars than we do about the moon. NASA first landed a spacecraft on the surface of the fourth planet during the U.S. Bicentennial, five years before the first space shuttle ever lifted off. And we’ve learned plenty in the intervening 35 years: Viking 1 and 2 analyzed Mars rocks, Spirit and Opportunity found evidence of ancient water, and Phoenix saw the Martian snow. Yet the biggest question — whether Mars could ever be home to life — still eludes us.

NASA’s newest rover, Curiosity, sets off this week in search of answers. It’s the most complex interplanetary explorer ever, earning a PopSci 2011 Best of What's New award. If everything goes to plan — from Saturday’s thundering Atlas V launch to the rover’s self-piloted atmospheric entry and hovercraft airdrop — it just might become the type of once-in-a-generation explorer that raises even more questions than it answers.

BEARINGLESS RELUCTANCE MOTOR

BEARINGLESS RELUCTANCE MOTOR

The Morrison rotor, named after its inventor, is a hybrid rotor for use in a switched-reluctance electric motor. The motor is characterized as bearingless in the sense that it does not rely on conventional mechanical bearings: instead, it functions as both a magnetic bearing and a motor. Bearingless switched-reluctance motors are attractive for use in situations in which large variations in temperatures and/or other extreme conditions preclude the use of conventional electric motors and mechanical bearings.

Fact

Electricity travels at the speed of light more than 186,000 miles per second!

If you had a light bulb on the moon connected to a switch in your bedroom, it would take only 1.26 seconds for that bulb to light up, 238,857 miles away.

If you traveled as fast as electricity, (about 300,000 kilometers = 186,411.358 miles per second the speed of light), you could go around the world 8 times in the time it takes to turn on a light switch.

A spark of static electricity can measure up to three thousand (3,000) volts.

A bolt of lightning can measure up to three million (3,000,000) volts and it lasts less than one second!